Tales of a Village Trickster, Yunnan, China



Monster Pays the Debt

            One day Ayden stopped by the Wu family’s place to return something he had borrowed from Mr. Wu. The Wu family was in a terrible way that day. They were usually very cordial with Ayden, but today they were very distressed and anxious. Ayden felt somewhat in the way of whatever trouble they were having. In the small village of Lijiang though, all neighbors were as one family. Whenever a friend or neighbor was having any difficulty, no matter how big or how small, you could always count on your friends. But the Wu family was too polite to ever think of troubling a friend with their problems.

            Well, it didn’t take Ayden long to discover what was going on. Today was the day that Old Lord Mu would be coming to collect on a debt that the Wu family owed. Ayden understood their situation very well. He himself had been in debt to Lord Mu many times before, and knew that Old Lord Mu was very fierce when it came to collecting debts. Not only did he want the money he had lent, but also a lot more for interest. If they didn't have all the money he wanted, he would take the animals that they owned as a payment for the debt. He would also force them to work for him for no pay. And, the worst of it all, he could do all of this legally because he was a nobleman and they were peasants.

            Ayden thought he could help negotiate the payment so he asked how much money they had. Poor Mr. Wu Mu-han answered, “We have nothing to pay him with, nothing!” Ayden thought to himself, “Mr. Wu is just like his own name, truly mu-han!” In the regional dialect, Naxi, the expression mu-han means completely pitiful.

            The poor Wu family was truly pitiful. It had been a rough year. They were farmers. They usually grew many vegitables and sold them in the Four Corners Square in Lijiang village. The weather had been especially cold and dry that year though, and the crops had died on many occassions. They barely had enough to feed their own family that year. That is why they took out a loan from Old Lord Mu.

            Now, Ayden had fooled Old Lord Mu many a time and knew that his wits were especially slow.  So Ayden, thinking to help out his friend and neighbor Mr. Wu, thought for a few moments about something they could do. Then, all of the sudden Ayden had a flash of inspiration. He told the Wu family there wasn't much time and reassured them saying, “Don't worry, I’ll show you a way to get out of this.”

            First, Ayden directed them to find the largest pelt of dog fur they could find. As soon as they found it, he had them fasten it to his body, so that it covered all of his chest and belly, and even hung down over his legs some. The Wu family wondered just what he had in mind. He then borrowed a fur skin cap that had especially thick and heavy hair. It was so thick and heavy and long that it covered most of his head and face when he tied the straps around his chin.

            After the cap, he had Mr. Wu go fetch his long raincoat that was made of straw and palm tree bark weaved together. He instructed Mr. Wu to soak it in the stream until it got nice and wet all the way through. When Mr. Wu returned with the coat, Ayden quickly put it on and ran into the chicken coop. I am sure you could only imagine the strange looks that Mr. and Mrs. Wu had on their faces when Ayden gathered all the loose chicken feathers that were in the pen into one big pile, and started rolling around in them. “What in the devil is that boy doing?!” exclaimed Mr. Wu.

            When Ayden got up, all the chicken feathers had stuck to his wet coat. He looked like a monster! Now Mr. and Mrs. Wu understood what all the antics were about. Ayden had spied out the perfect hiding place. In the pigpen was a pig trough just big enough for him to lie in. He instructed Mr. and Mrs. Wu on the details of the plan, and gave them final instructions on what to do when Old Lord Mu came. He then lay in the pig trough and had them put a length of spare cloth over the trough to hide him completely. After a short while, Ayden could hear that Lord Mu had arrived to collect the debt.

            As Old Lord Mu approached the door he annouced his arrival, “I’m here to collect the debt that you owe me…” From inside the pig trough, Ayden could only hear muffled voices. It was hard to make out what they were saying, but he could tell that they were discussing the debt. Actually, the only words he could really hear came from Old Lord Mu everytime he raised his voice in anger saying over and over, “Pay up…blah, blah, blah…Pay up…blah, blah, blah...Pay up.”

            While Old Lord Mu was still insisting they give him his money, a strange roar suddenly cried out from somewhere in the yard. It frightened Old Lord Mu half to death. Lord Mu, still shaken up demanded, “Who was that?!” Mr. and Mrs. Wu looked at each other in agreement, then they both casually responded, “Oh that, well, it was nothing. Probably just some passing animal.” Lord Mu had noticed the way they looked at each other before they responded and suspected that they were trying to pull the wool over his eyes. He walked into the yard and glanced around. He went into their barn, and as he inspected one stall after another he accussed them saying, “What are you hiding? I know you’re hiding something!”

            Old Lord Mu was expecting to find a horse, or a mule that he could perhaps take in payment for the debt. But Mr. and Mrs. Wu insisted that there was nothing. He still did not believe. He was checking here and there while shouting, “So, it’s here!” or, “Ahah! Here it is!” But, there was nothing to be found. Just as Lord Mu was about to give up looking, once again the odd noise cried out fiercly. This time Old Lord Mu could tell exactly where the noise was coming from. Lord Mu confidently marched toward the pig trough and the cry of a beast again shrieked even louder from within the trough.

            Lord Mu was scared stiff. He froze in his tracks, not daring to go one footstep closer. Mr. and Mrs. Wu pleaded with him to just forget what he had heard. However, Lord Mu’s greedy heart would not allow him to miss out on some sort of payment. At first, he thought that since it was a pig trough, it must be a pig they were hiding. But, reasoning told him that the strange sound he had heard was not a pig. He figured that no matter what was inside that trough, it was something that he could profit from.

            Hesitantly, he picked up a stick and started poking at the the cloth covering the trough asking, “What is it?” Mr. Wu answered in a stern voice, “Lord Mu, you had better not poke it.” Mr. Wu continued in a serious tone, “If you really must know, then I will tell you. In that trough exsists a rare beast, an oddity, a wonder of the known world. In that very trough is a monster!”

            Lord Mu was struck with amazement. He asked Mr. Wu reverently, “Where did you discover such a beast?” Mr. Wu replied, “It wasn't easy catching it. It was only by luck that I happened upon it, and it was even luckier that I could catch it. That’s not even the most amazing thing about it either. It can speak like a human.” Needless to say, Lord Mu was extremely shocked by this news and exclaimed, “Who could have ever imagined that such a marvelous beast exist on this world!”

            Almost immediately, Old Lord Mu thought to himself, “How can it be that I, a lord, a nobleman, the richest man in town not have a marvelous jewel of the rare world such as this monster. What is even more offensive is the thought of this poor devil Mr. Wu having the monster and not I. I must have this precious rarity! Otherwise, all my other posessions mean nothing. They are things that anyone could aquire with the right luck, but this, this monster is truly one of a kind!”

            Having made up his mind that he needed this beast, Lord Mu used his most commanding voice to persuade Mr. Wu to give it to him. “Now Mr. Wu, you will of course sell me this beast. After all, you really have no use for it. I’ll tell you what I’ll do for you, that small debt you owe me, well, we can just forget about it if you give me the monster. There is really no need to make a donkey roll around in the dirt like this, we can just call it even. What do you think?” But, Mr. Wu rejected this idea immediately saying, “Oh no Lord Mu, I really couldn’t do that. That just wouldn’t do. I could never sell him.”

            Lord Mu thought about it again for a moment. At last, he broke down and offered Mr. Wu ten pieces of silver in addition to forgiving the debt. But still, Mr. and Mrs. Wu declined again and again. Finally, Old Lord Mu gave in and said to Mr. and Mrs. Wu, “OK, you drive a hard bargain. I don't feel like bargaining any more. I’ll give you twenty silver pieces and that is my final offer.”

Mr. and Mrs. Wu were still putting on their act of reluctance while Lord Mu was using every bargaining tactic he knew to convince them to sell it. Mr. Wu held out as long as he could, and saw that Old Lord Mu was about to give up. Then, at last he gave in and accepted Lord Mu’s offer.

            Twenty pieces of silver was a small price to pay for such a treasure and Old Lord Mu was only too happy to pay it. He was very eager to take a gander at his newly aquired prize. He very carefully lifted the cloth with a stick remembering to not poke the creature. He had not even lifted it half way off when Ayden leaped out in an instant growling and snarling. Frightened out of his senses, Lord Mu stood there trembling as his monster, or Ayden ran right out the gate. Old Lord Mu stood there dumbfounded for another moment or two before he realized what had happened.

            As soon as he realized that his treasure was getting away, he shouted, “Catch it! Catch it! Catch it! Bring it back! Hurry!” It was too late though. By now there was no trace of the monster. He demanded that Mr. Wu should give him back the twenty silver pieces since the monster ran away. He said demandingly, “Return my money Mr. Wu!” Mr. Wu replied, “I wasn't the one who let it loose! It was the most precious creature on Earth and now it’s gone, because you let it go!” Old Lord Mu retorted, “But I payed for it, and now it’s gone! You should return my money!” Mr. Wu then said, “Yes Lord Mu, you did pay for it and that means it was yours. And, you let it go. It is unfair for you to expect me to pay for something that you lost.”

            Old Lord Mu could not argue with that and left very upset. Meanwhile, Ayden had gotten rid of his monster costume and was on his way to the Wu family’s house. On the path he passed a sour Old Lord Mu mumbling curses to himself. Ayden greated him cordially, and all Lord Mu could do in return is mumble another mouth full of curses. He had been had once again, and didn't even know it.  


The Neixiang Yamen (District Courthouse), Henan, China


A photograph of the main gate, directly opposite of the reflecting wall, which portrays an impressive carving of a tan--a mythical creature said to have an insatiable appetite, so much so, that it went on a feeding craze, eating gold, silver, and precious objects until it had eaten everything. Still not satisfied, it chased after the sun, and tried to swallow it too, but it fell into the ocean. This was a reminder to the officials that governed the locale, that greed did not pay in the end.



An artist's renderingof the Neixiang county yamen and what it might have looked like during the Qing Dynasty.
The complex was originally built in 1304.


Above, a 1693 illustration of the yamen in Neixiang County (Nanyang Prefecture, Henan Province). From Neixiang xian zhi: Henan sheng (Gazetteer of Neixiang County, Henan Province), compiled by Bao Dingwang, Taipei: Cheng wen chu ban she, 1976. pp. 64-65. 




Above, a modern sketch of the Neixiang county yamen. From Neixiang xianya yu yamen wenhua (The Neixiang County Yamen and Yamen Culture), edited by Liu Pengjiu, Zhengzhou: Zhong zhou gu ji chu ban shu, 1999. p.278.


Remembering the District Magistrate

           Zhang Bingtao was a native of Zhejiang Province, from the area known today as the municipality of Shaoxing. Zhang Bingtao was posted to Neixiang in the spring of 1892. Upon his arrival, the yamen was in a shambles, having had only light repairs to the major buildings after a partial fire in 1857. Magistrates were typically well enough off for their own living expenses and comfort, but always lacked funds to pay their support staff, much less take on the upkeep of a complex of thirty or so buildings such as the yamen. The situation of the Neixiang yamen was even worse, having been built originally in 1304. Zhang, however, was an architectural enthusiast, and soon laid plans for a complete restoration of the building. He was inspired by the age of the building and many of the features that had remained over the years. He was especially taken by the rear courtyard and its Yuan dynasty era cassia tree.
            The administrative categorization for the Neixiang district was classified between “fan” and “nan,” meaning that in an earlier period the district “flourished” economically, but had since until that present time at the end of the Qing dynasty suffered a reversal of fortune and was classified as “poor.” In order to fund the renovation of the yamen, Zhang Bingtao quickly assessed the districts economic resources, and instituted a wide-scale agricultural agenda for the district to farm fruit orchards, the harvest of which would be in large part sold out to neighboring provinces. Though this policy did not benefit him directly, it indirectly brought in capital for the renovation. His plans for the yamen, however, did not wait for these funds to come in. Instead he personally financed the renovation until the taxes from the successful agricultural agenda started to roll in. There are few financial records that remain from this period. Speculation by Liu Pengjiu, the local historian, suggests that records were not very well kept during this period for lack of supervision from Zhang’s superiors. If this is the case, it might explain Zhang’s flexibility toward fiscal matters. There is more salience to this argument as we start to consider the renovation project. The size and layout of yamens in Qing China were standardized by the capital. The size of the complex depended on the local classification and rank of the post. The Neixiang yamen was not officially classified according to architectural standards. It was perhaps a “Class 5” size yamen, but as it was renovated Zhang built according to a larger “Class 3” size, which meant the number of buildings and annexes were increased by about a third. Oral tradition also has it, that when the renovation was complete, Zhang’s father traveled from Zhejiang to visit Neixiang. As Zhang gave his father the tour of the recently finished complex, Zhang’s father stalled a moment and asked if there was something missing from the buildings. Zhang replied that he couldn’t imagine what it might be. His father, feigning an air of superiority, elaborated, “Why, where are the wheels?” Zhang stood puzzled, while his father smiled and asked him, “How else do you suppose you will be able to take it all with you to your next post?”[1]
            The refinement and decoration of the yamen was brilliant. A local pride was instilled in its beauty by Zhang as he began a local fund to contribute to its further restoration and adornment. He also set apart a mandatory surcharge for civil suits and business transactions carried out in the yamen. For those who lost civil suits, they were required to pay an irregular type of court cost, and to those who won civil suits as well, Zhang would add, “Now that you’ve won your suit, why not give a little back to help fix the place up?”[2] He used the money to commission large epigraphs on both stone steles and wooden plaques. The poetry or slogans were sometimes written by him and always featured a theme that either complimented the characteristics of the local community, or praised the value of local administration. Possibly the most well-known of these was the plaque that hung above the main gate of the yamen, which revived the ancient name of the community: “Chrysanthemum Pond.”
            After the renovation as well, Zhang did something unprecedented that truly exemplified the significance of the yamen as the center of the community. In China, at the end of the second week of the lunar New Year, there is a “lantern festival” that features the lighting of colorful lanterns and the visiting of friends and family. At this time Zhang opened the gates of the yamen, including the ceremonial gate to let the community come in and roam freely throughout the yamen. The purpose of this was so that the community could come and visit with his wife in her home (at the rear of the yamen complex). The yamen in late imperial history was often thought of by the public as a severe if not forbidding domain that symbolized the power of the political sphere, which could be just as corrupt as it could be just and fair. People frequently avoided these buildings, fearing that if they strayed into the neighborhood of the yamen, then they might become entangled in some legal trouble or scheme. The nature of the yamen under the tenure of Zhang Bingtao in Neixiang became a surprising contradiction to this mentality, and even more local and more public.
          In 1900, Zhang was transferred to another post. As he took his leave from Neixiang, a crowd of locals accompanied him to the edge of town to bid him farewell. The parting was bittersweet, and many were reluctant to see him leave. Not too long after his transfer, he ran into some financial trouble over an investment in a training academy. It seems that he was swindled by a business partner. He soon thereafter transferred to Kaifeng, a city not too far north of Neixiang. The economy in Kaifeng was especially bad and he fell on hard times financially. He therefore planned for his daughter to return to Neixiang to live with an acquaintance and promised her he would visit soon. When she arrived she was welcomed back warmly. News traveled fast about the old magistrate coming back for a visit. When he actually did make it back, there was a score of locals waiting to greet him. Though he was pleased to see them, he was embarrassed because they had heard of his financial misfortune, and they had pooled a donation for him. He shrunk from their generosity and refused to take the money. The crowd then gave it to his daughter for him. The event is remembered in poem.

If the Earth has waters it must have hills,
Where there are people there must be officials,
When balanced and peaceful are the commoners’ hearts,
We'll donate some funds for our Magistrate Zhang.[3]

          This celebration of Magistrate Zhang by a loyal public certainly speaks to his accomplishments as a local official and a community leader. Interestingly, these accomplishments are remembered and shaped through something altogether different than a historic text. Instead, it is a collective memory shared from generation to generation through the institution and edifice of this yamen.





[1] Liu Pengjiu ed., Neixiang yamen yu yamen wenhua (Zhengzhou: Zhong zhou gu ji chu ban she, 1999), p. 53.
[2] Ibid. pp. 52-53.
[3] Ibid. pp. 53-54.







Red Thread, A Tang Dynasty Tale


Red Thread


I.


紅線,潞州節度使薛嵩青衣,善彈阮,又通經史,嵩遣掌箋表,號曰內記室.


Red Thread[1] was the maidservant of Xue Song,[2] the military governor of Luzhou.[3] She played the ‘moon-shaped’ lute very well, and was well versed in history and the Classics. Xue Song dictated documents to her, and she was given the title of Inner Notation Secretary.




時軍中大宴,紅線謂嵩曰: "羯鼓之音調頗悲,其擊者必有 事也."


During a large military banquet, Red Thread commented to Xue Song: “The tone of the deer-skin drum is quite sorrowful; whoever is drumming it surely must have some troubling matter.”




嵩亦明曉音律,:"如汝所言."乃召而問之,:"某妻昨夜亡, 不敢乞假."嵩遽遣放歸.


Xue Song understood about the music and said: “It is just as you’ve said.” Only then did he call over and ask him what was the matter, and the drummer said: “My wife passed away last night, but I dare not beg for a leave of absence.” Xue Song immediately gave him a leave of absence and sent him home.






II.


時至德之后,兩河未寧,初置昭義軍,以釜陽為鎮,命嵩固守,控壓山東.


After the reign of Zhi De,[4] when the states on the two sides of the Yellow River were not yet stable, the area was initially under control of the Army of Illustrious Rightness,[5] and its garrison was quartered in Fuyang. Xue Song was ordered to defend and suppress (rebellion) in Shandong.[6]




殺傷之餘, 軍府草創.


Assassins and mercenaries were in abundance, and the army grew like grass.[7]



朝廷復遣嵩女嫁魏博節度使田承嗣男, 嵩男娶滑州節度使令狐彰女,三鎮互為姻婭,人使日浹往來.


The Emperor moreover, sent Xue Song’s daughter to be married to the son of the governor of Weibo,[8] Tian Chengsi.[9] Xue Song’s son also took the daughter of the governor of Hua,[10] Ling Huzhang,[11] to wed; and the three garrisons were mutually bound by marriage, and their people’s messengers had numerous and frequent interactions with one another.



而田承 嗣常患熱毒風,遇夏增劇.每曰:"我若移鎮山東,納其涼冷,可緩數年之命."


It was the case however, that Tian Chengsi’s health was often troubled by the hot climate (in Weibo), and when the summer approached it got even worse. He always said: “If I could only move my garrison to Shandong, and take in its cool breezes, then it might extend my life a few years.”



乃募軍中武勇十倍者得三千人,號外宅男,而厚卹之.


Thereupon, he recruited among his troops three thousand men, who were ten times more martial and brave. They were called the Exterior Guard,[12] and they closely assisted in training the troops.



常令三百人夜直州宅,卜選良日,將遷潞州.


He regularly ordered three hundred men to take up night watch in residences around the state, so as to carefully choose a good day to move on (annex; swallow up) Luzhou.



嵩聞之,日夜懮悶,咄咄自語,計無所出.


Xue Song heard this news, and day and night he was deeply depressed; he sighed and spoke to himself, trying to strategizing any possible way out.



時夜漏將傳,轅門已閉, 杖策庭除,唯紅線從行.


Right about the time the first night watch sounded, and the outer gates were already shut, he was holding a cane and pacing the house. Only Red Thread followed him.



紅線曰:"主自一月,不遑寢食,意有所屬,豈無鄰境乎?"


Red Thread said: “Master, for the last month you haven’t restfully slept or eaten. You are attentive to something in particular; what else could it be but the neighboring territories?”



嵩曰:"事繫安危,非汝能料."紅線曰:"某雖賤品,亦有解主懮者."


Xue Song said: “The matter is tied up with our peace and safety; it is not something you are able to solve.”[13] Red Thread said: “Although I am a worthless thing,[14] I am able to resolve your concerns.”[15]



嵩乃具告其事,:"我承祖父遺業,受國家重恩. 一旦失其疆土,即數百年鄖業盡矣."


Xue Song only then gave her an account of the whole affair, saying: “I have inherited my grandfather’s life’s work, and received the respect and grace of the country. The moment I lose this territory, I will also lose several hundred years of meritorious service and great achievement.



紅線曰:"易爾.不足勞主懮.乞放某一到魏郡,看其形勢,覘其有無.


Red Thread said: “This is easily taken care of. It is not enough that I work on my master’s depression. I beg to be placed to go to the Wei Commanderies, and look at the circumstances, and spy what they have and don’t have.



今一更首途,三更可以复命.請先定一走 馬兼具寒暄書,其他即俟某卻迴也."


By tonight’s first watch I will start out, and the by the third watch I can return and report. I ask only that a horse be prepared and a secret letter of correspondence be written. All else, can then wait until I return.



嵩大:"不知汝是,我之暗也,事若之不濟,反速其禍,奈何?"


Xue Song exclaimed: “As for my not knowing and yet you to be an extraordinary person, it was my ignorance. As for this matter, if it is the case that these things cannot be resolved, and on the contrary speeds our downfall, what we will we do then?



紅線曰:"某之行,無不濟者."


Red Thread said: “Of all my endeavors, there are none that have not been resolved.”



乃入閨房,飾其行具.梳烏蠻髻,攢金鳳釵,衣紫短袍,繫青絲輕屨.


Thereupon she entered the women’s quarters, and prepared her traveling requisites. She fixed her hair in the Wuman[16] style and held it tight with a Golden Phoenix hairpin. She put on a purple silk-embroidered short robe, and laced up her black-blue silk-slippers.



胸前佩龍文匕首,額上書太乙神名.再拜而倏忽不見.


On her breast she carried a Dragon-patterned dagger. And on her forehead, she wrote the name of the Daoist god, Tai Yi, the God of Ultimate Reality.[17] She once again bade farewell to her master, and very suddenly disappeared.




III.


嵩乃返身閉戶,背燭危坐.常時飲酒,不過數合,是夕舉殤十余不醉.


Xue Song thereupon turned around and shut the door. With his back to the candlelight, he sat upright. Usually when Xue Song drank wine, he couldn’t drink more than a few small cups.[18] But that night he lifted his goblet a dozen times or more and was still not drunk.[19]



忽聞曉角吟風,一葉墜,而試問,即紅線.


Suddenly he heard the reveille singing in the breeze, and the sound of a leaf falling like the morning dew. Startled, he called out to see if someone was there. It was none other than Red Thread who had returned.



嵩喜而慰問曰:"事諧否?":"不敢辱命."又問曰:"無傷殺否?"


Xue Song was glad and inquired of her health saying: “Did things go smoothly?”[20] She replied saying: “I wouldn’t dare dishonor my commission.” He then asked: “Were there any assassins or mercenaries there?”



:"不至是.但取床頭金合為信耳."


She replied: “It didn’t come to that, instead I only took a gold box from the head of his bed for proof.”



紅線曰:"某子夜前三刻,即到魏郡,凡歷數門,遂及寢所.聞宅外男止房廊,睡聲雷動.


Red Thread said: “I arrived at the Wei Commanderie at about midnight.[21] I slipped through a few main gates, and then arrived in the sleeping quarters. I heard the Exterior Guards resting in the chamber-halls, and the sound of their sleeping was like thunder.



見中軍卒步,傳呼風生.發其左扉,抵其寢帳.


I saw the soldiers of the Central Guard patrolling the halls and covered walkways. The breeze lifted their spreading voices. I opened the left-side-door and arrived at the bed curtains.



見田親家正於帳內,鼓跌酣眠,頭枕文犀,包黃縠, 枕前露一七星劍.


I saw Tian Chengsi’s personal family riches right inside the curtains. He was cross-legged and slumbering deeply. His pillow had a rhinoceros pattern, his hair was laced up in a yellow tie, and right in front of the pillow a Seven-Star Sword was revealed.[22]



劍前仰開一金合,合內書生身甲子北斗神名.复有名香美珍,散覆其上.


Before the sword was golden box laid open. In the box was written his date and time of birth and the name of the Northern Star God.[23] It also possessed prominent fragrances and beautiful treasures, scattered over and covering it.



揚威玉帳,但期心豁生前,同夢蘭堂,不覺命懸其手下.


He menacingly flaunted his authority, notwithstanding that he had been looking forward to this goal his entire life. Yet, while he dreamt in the inner chambers, he was unaware that his fate would hang within my hand.



勞擒縱, 益傷.時則炬光凝, 爐香燼煨,侍人四布,兵器森羅.


Shouldn’t I take it when I had worked so hard to get it? Or would it only add to my pain? At that moment, the candles began to flicker, and the fuel in the stove was burnt to ashes. His servants were in all four directions, and the soldiers’ weapons were arrayed all about.




屏風, 酣而殫者,或手執巾拂,寢而伸者.


Some had their heads propped against the screens, snoring and hanging down. Some clutched turbans in their hands, holding them out while they slept.



某拔其瓚珥,,如病如昏, 皆不能,遂持金合以歸.


I plucked out their hairpins and ear ornaments, tied together their short-coats and clothes. They slept as if they were sick or faint, and could not wake up. And so, I took the gold box and started back.



既出魏城西門,將行二百里,見銅高揭,而漳水東注,動野,斜月在林.


Once I had made my way out from the Wei city wall’s west gate, I traveled two-hundred li, and caught sight of the Brass Watchtower rising up on high, and the swelling waters rushing east. The morning breeze stirred in the forest as the slanting moon fell into the trees.



往喜還,頓忘行役;感知酬德,聊副心期.


My sorrow fled and my joy returned.[24] I suddenly forgot the errand I was on. I was moved to know that I could repay your virtue and that I had managed to match your own heart and kindness.[25]



所以夜漏三時,往返七百里,入危邦,經五六城,冀減主懮,敢言其苦."


It was by the dark of night that the third watch slipped by, and I had gone there and back seven hundred li. I had entered that dangerous city, and passed through five or six other cities. I only hoped to ease your troubles, but dare I speak of the hardship involved?”



嵩乃發使遺承嗣書曰:"昨夜有客從魏中來,:自元帥床頭獲一金合,不敢留駐,謹卻封納."


Xue Song thereupon dispatched a messenger to Tian Chengsi saying: “Last night I had a guest that came from Wei, who said he had obtained a gold box from the head of the Supreme Commander’s bed, but I dare not keep it, so I respectfully return it enclosed to you.”



專使星馳,夜半方到.見搜捕金合,一軍懮疑.使者以馬扣門,非時請見,承嗣遽出,以金合授之.
The special fleet courier traveled by night, and arrived in Wei just at midnight. He observed the search and seizures for the gold box, and the entire army’s anxiety. The courier, using his horsewhip, knocked on the gate. In no time at all he was invited to an audience with Tian Chengsi, who hurriedly emerged, and he presented the gold box to him.



捧承之時,驚怛絕倒.遂駐使者止宅中,狎以宴私,多其賜.


As the courier presented it to Tian Chengsi with both hands, he nearly toppled over in fright. Then, they had the courier stay in a separate lodging, approached him, and entertained him personally, bestowing multiple gifts to him.



明日遣使齍繒帛三萬, 名馬二百匹,他物稱是,以獻嵩曰:"某之首領,在恩私.


The next day, Tian Chengsi dispatched envoys to present 30,000 bolts of fine silk, 200 exceptional horses, and other similar tributes, all presented to Xue Song with a letter saying: “As for my leadership, it is bound by your personal grace.”



便宜知過自新,不复列貽伊戚.專贗指使,敢議姻親.役當奉笱后車,來則揮鞭前馬.


Therefore, through moral knowledge I have changed myself and turned over a new leaf.”[26] I will no longer give you trouble. I will receive your instructions, and dare to view myself as a relation through marriage. When I am sent off I should be as if I was pushing the rear of the cart; and when I am come, then I will whip the horses in the front of the cart and prepare the way.



所置紀綱號為外宅男者,本防,亦非.今并脫其甲裳, 放歸田畝矣."


As for those servants that I had set apart called the Exterior Guard, they originally defended against outside bandits, and had no other nefarious design. Now they will all shed their armor, and I will send them back home to plant the fields.”



由是一兩月內,河北河南,人使交至.


From this point on, within the space of a month or two, in both Hebei and Henan the people came to have interactions again.




IV.


而紅線辭去.嵩曰:"汝生我家, 而今欲安往?又方賴汝,豈可議行?"


Then, Red Thread was about to make her farewell. But Xue Song said: You were born in my household; and now, where might you go? Now, just when I need you, how can you think of leaving?



紅線曰:"某前世本男子,歷江湖間,讀神農藥書,救世人災患.


Red Thread replied: In my former life I was a man, and I traveled through many a river and among the lakes. I studied the Divine Farmer’s Classic of Medicine, in order that I might save the people of this earth from terrible calamity and sickness.



時里有孕婦,忽患盅症,某以莞花酒下之,婦人与腹中二子俱斃.


At that time, in a village there was a pregnant woman, and she suddenly developed a swelling infection in her stomach. I used Daphne Bloom Wine to decrease the swelling. But the woman and the twin boys in her womb all died.



是某一舉殺三人.陰司見誅,降為女子.


This one act of mine killed three people. The officials of hell passed down my punishment, and I was sent down to be a woman.



使身居賤隸,而气稟賊星,所幸生于公家, 十九年矣.


I was caused to dwell in the body of a vulgar servant, but my fate was endowed by a falling star. As for the good fortune that saw me born into your house, that began nineteen years ago now.



身厭羅,口窮甘鮮,寵待有加,榮亦至矣.況國家建極,慶且無疆.


My body has been worn out and overwhelmed by silk and satin, and my mouth exhausted with eating sweet and salty. The favor that I have been treated with has increased, praise has also come my way. Even more though, the kingdom has been established beyond compare and we celebrate an endless territory.



此輩背違天理,當盡弭患.昨往魏都,以示.


In this life those that betray the principle of Heaven in the end meet with calamity. Yesterday I went to the capital of Wei, in order to show and repay my gratitude to you.



兩地保其城池,萬人全其性命,使亂臣知懼, 烈士安謀.某一婦人,功亦不小.


The two lands now preserve each other’s cities, and the lives of all the people. This has caused rebellious ministers to know fear. And your valiant soldiers to plan in peace. As for a woman like me, the merit I have accumulated is not a small amount either.



固可贖其前罪, 還其本身.便當遁跡塵中,心物外,澄清一气,生死長存."


This surely will atone for the sins of my previous life, and return me to my previous body. And so I must eradicate my traces in the dust of this world, place my heart beyond the things of this realm, and purify my “qi”/“chi” so that I may exist forever beyond life and death.”



嵩曰:"不然. 遺爾千金為居山之所給."紅線曰:"事關來生,安可預謀."


Xue Song said: “This cannot be. I'll set aside a thousand pieces of gold as an allowance for you to take up residence in the mountains.” But Red Thread said: “This matter concerns my next life, how can it be planned for?”



嵩知不可駐,乃廣為餞別,悉集賓客,夜宴中堂,嵩以歌送紅線,請座客朝陽為詞曰:"<


>怨木蘭舟,送別魂消百尺樓. 還似洛妃乘霧云, 碧天無際水長流."


Xue Song knew he could not get her to stay, and thereupon threw a large parting feast. All the known honored guests attended, and they feasted that night in the great hall. Xue Song sang a ballad to bid farewell to Red Thread. He invited his guest, the poet Ling Zhayang to write lyrics to the song, “The Picking Water Chestnuts Ballad”:


The Ballad of Picking Water Chestnuts laments the orchid wood boat,


The parting spirits dissipate as does the towering look-out.


Returning home is like the Lady Luo being carried off by the misted clouds,


The emerald sky stretches limitlessly as the waters flow ‘long.



歌畢,嵩不,紅線拜再泣,因偽醉離席,遂亡其所在.


After the ballad was finished, Xue Song was overcome by his sorrow, and Red Thread bade farewell and cried once more. Feigning a drunken state, she then departed, and forever gave up her place there.




Map:




From top to bottom: Weizhou (Weibo), Luzhou, and Huazhou.


Source: Zhongguo lishi ditu, 32-33







[1] The character Red Thread is fictitious.
[2] Xue Song was a military governor in the mid-Tang Dynasty, after the rule of Tang Xuanzong and the onset of the An Lushan Rebellion sometime. His dates are not known, but his father died in 712.
[3] Luzhou was the seat of the Zhaoyi jiedu, one of the military commanderies or garrisons. It was located in the northern part of present-day Henan Province, where the city of Hebi is now located.
[4] The reign of Zhi De: 756-758 A.D. I.e., Tang Xuanzong.
[5] This is the makeshift translation for the army of the Zhaoyi jiedu, or the garrison situated in Luzhou.
[6] Shandong in the Tang was considered as the territory east of the Taihang Mountains. Source: Tang chuan qi xuan, 400.
[7] It was an unstable time right after the An Lu Shan Rebellion, and the Army of Illustrious Rightness was still being formed.
[8] Also a garrison, located in present-day southern Hebei, just east of Shijiazhuang, where the city Hengshui now stands.
[9] Tian Chengsi, 704-778. Was a commander in An Lu Shan’s Army, but later repatriated himself to the Tang, somewhat. He led two unsuccessful rebellions against the mid-Tang.
[10] Huazhou was located south of the Yellow River, just east of present-day Zhengzhou in northern Henan. It was situated in near Kaifeng.
[11] Ling Huzhang, also was a commander in An Lushan’s army, but later realigned himself with the Tang.
[12] Or “Outer Headmen” perhaps.
[13] “Solve” or “understand.”
[14] “Low,” or “base” instrument, product or thing.
[15] Or: “I have that which I can resolve your concerns with.”
[16] The Wuman were an ethnic minority during the Tang and the Song, and were closely associated with the Baiman minority. The Wuman were indigenous tribes that spanned provinces from Henan to Jiangxi to Guizhou to Yunnan. The hair style indicated is a bun on top of the head, most likely.
[17] Tai Yi is also known as the God of the Northern Star, and is fabled to live in the Big Dipper constellation.
[18] The text states that the amount he couldn’t drink more than was a few of the unit equal to a “tenth of a pint,” approximately 4-6 fluid ounces.
[19] The text states that he drank “ten or more” goblets of wine.
[20] The text states that he asked about her health saying “was the matter accomplished or not?”
[21] The time indicated by the Chinese in this sentence of the text is actually 11:40 P.M.
[22] A broad-sword with the Big Dipper constellation engraved in the blade.
[23] Also known as the God of the Big Dipper, famed to have the power over death in the human world in Beijing opera.
[24] This sentence of the text might also mean “Sorrow on the way there, and joy on the way back.”
[25] I relied heavily on the Modern Chinese translation for these sentences. The Classical Chinese, no matter which way I put it, seemed to make little sense.
[26] I have used the English expression “turned over a new leaf” for the Chinese expression herein: “turned myself new.”